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| НА ГОЛОВНУ | |
№ 2/2020
САЛІХОВА Олена Борисівна1, ГОНЧАРЕНКО Дар’я Олегівна2
1ДУ "Інститут економіки та прогнозування НАН України"
2Міністерство розвитку економіки, торгівлі та сільського господарства України
| Economy and forecasting 2020; 2:105-119 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.02.105 |
АНОТАЦІЯ ▼
Ключові слова:
| Стаття англійською мовою (cтор. 105 - 119) | Завантажити | Завантажень : 545 |
СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ ▼
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28. Creation of scientific and technological talents. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/gzdt/att/att/site1/20120428/001e3741a558110595fa01.pdf [in Chinese].
29. UNESCO science report: towards 2030 (2017). Luxembourg: UNESCO Publishing United Nations [in Russian].
30. Government Procurement Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2014). Retrieved from fgw.yinchuan.gov.cn/fgzc/flfg/201812/t20181221_ 1224321.htm [in Chinese].
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32. Public Procurement in China: European Business Experiences Competing for Public Contracts in China (2011). Public Procurement Study. European Chamber. Retrieved from cbi.typepad.com/files/euccc-public-procurement-in-china-april-2011.pdf
33. Notification to the Ministry of Finance of the press and distribution of measures to evaluate public procurement of endogenous innovative products (2007). Caiku. 30. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/ztzl/kjfzgh/content_883671.htm [in Chinese].
34. Notice of the Ministry of Finance on the Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement Contracts for endogenous Innovation Products (2007). Treasury, 31. Retrieved from big5.www.gov.cn/ gate/big5/www.gov.cn/ztzl/kjfzgh/content_883701.htm [in Chinese].
35. China Statistical Yearbook-2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020 from www.stats.gov.cn/ [in Chinese].
36. China Statistical Yearbook-2007. Retrieved April 17, 2020 from www.stats.gov.cn [in Chinese].
2. Schwarz, P. (2020, April 13). European Union to spend half a trillion euros on imperialist interests in coronavirus bailout. World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved from www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/04/13/euro-a13.html
3. The State of U. S. Science and Engineering 2020. NSF. Retrieved from ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20201
4. Profit of industrial enterprises monthly data review (2020). Macro events review, 1-3. Retrieved from pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202004271378716988_1.pdf [in Chinese].
5. Korablin, S. (2019). China: investment ambitions, limitations and opportunities. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Econ. and forecasting, 3, 138-157. doi.org/10.15407/eip2019.03.138 [in Ukrainian].
6. Prudka, O. (2017). Chinese experience of state stimulation of innovation activity Nauka, Tekhnologii, innovatcii – Science, technology, innovation, 4, 35-45 [in Ukrainian].
7. Holubka, V. (2016). Mechanisms of regulation of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine. Dissertation abstract for the degree of candidate of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.03 - Economics and management of national economy. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv [in Ukrainian].
8. Heyets, V., Scrypnychenko, M. (2003). From exogenously dependent to endogenously oriented economic development strategy. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 1, 34-46 [in Ukrainian].
9. Heyets, V., (2018). Endogenization of the economy development in the aspect of equality of rights relations among the state, business and voting subjects. Ekonomika Ukrainy – Economy of Ukraine, 7, 3-19. doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.07.003 [in Ukrainian].
10. Salikhova, O.B. (2012). Hightech Industries: From Assessment Methodology to Growth in Ukraine. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
11. Feigenbaum, Evan A. (1999). Who's Behind China's High-Technology "Revolution"? How Bomb Makers Remade Beijing's Priorities, Policies, and Institutions. International Security, 24: 1, 95-126. doi.org/10.1162/016228899560068
12. Introduction of Yaodu. Retrieved January 21, 2020 from www.cnmc.gov.cn/ [in Chinese].
13. Response from the National Development and Reform Commission to the approval of Liaoning Yaodu Development Co., Ltd. issue of corporate bonds (2019). Corporate Bonds Development and Reform, 132. Retrieved from www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/qt/201909/t20190929_1181955.html [in Chinese].
14. Plan of the national medium and long term development for science and technology (2006–2020). Retrieved from ww.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htmw [in Chinese].
15. A new special project to create medicines for the benefit of human health. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/zhengce/2018-10/10/content_5329091.htm [in Chinese].
16. Great achievements in major national scientific and technical projects for the creation of new drugs. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-08/01/content_5417723.htm [in Chinese].
17. Notice of the State Council for Press and Distribution "Made in China 2025" (2015). Guo Fa, 28. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/19/content_9784.htm [in Chinese].
18. Notice from the six print and distribution departments of the Pharmaceutical Industry Development Planning Guide. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-11/09/content_5130391.htm [in Chinese].
19. Salikhova, O. (2020, February 25) Turbo Nannies. Levyy bereg. Ukrayna – LB.ua. Retrieved from lb.ua/economics/2020/02/25/450866_turbonyani_.html [in Ukrainian].
20. High-tech industries supported by the state. Retrieved from www.waizi.org.cn/law/6441.html [in Chinese].
21. Liu, Huiling, Xing, Fei, Yakshtas, Kseniya, and Li, Bo (2018, December 13). Does the high-tech enterprise certification policy promote innovation in China? Economics-ejournal. Retrieved from www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers/2018-85
22. Salikhova, O. (2007). Methodical approaches to the assessment of the production potential of high-tech products competitive in the world market in Ukraine. Nauka ta naukoznavstvo – Science and science knowledge, 4, Annex C, 130-134 [in Ukrainian].
23. Salikhova, O. (2011). Targeted state support as a factor stimulating the development of high-tech industries in Ukraine. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 2, 9-23 [in Ukrainian].
24. Ministry of Finance, General Directorate of Taxation, Ministry of Science and Technology, Notification of an increase in the pre-tax deduction rate before taxes on research and development costs (2018). Tsai Shui, 99. Retrieved from www.chinatax.gov.cn/n810341/n810755/c3754895/content.html [in Chinese].
25. An announcement by the State Tax Administration on current tax policy issues regarding accelerated depreciation of fixed assets. Announcement No. 64 of 2014. Retrieved from www.chinaacc.com/zyssfg/hu2014111718511263263436. shtml [in Chinese].
26. Catalog of industries in which are foreign investment is encouraged (2019 edition). Retrieved from www.pkulaw.com/chl/2e6fab8549042788bdfb.html [in Chinese].
27. Qing Xia, Vicky, Cai Yang, Leo (2018, April 1). Contract BioManufacturing in China: Creating a New Segment. Contractpharma. Retrieved from www.contractpharma.com/issues/2018-04-01/view_features/contract-biomanufacturing-in-china-creating-a-new-segment/
28. Creation of scientific and technological talents. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/gzdt/att/att/site1/20120428/001e3741a558110595fa01.pdf [in Chinese].
29. UNESCO science report: towards 2030 (2017). Luxembourg: UNESCO Publishing United Nations [in Russian].
30. Government Procurement Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2014). Retrieved from fgw.yinchuan.gov.cn/fgzc/flfg/201812/t20181221_ 1224321.htm [in Chinese].
31. Notice to the National Health Commission on the press and distribution of interim public procurement management measures (2018). Guowei Finance Development, 17. Retrieved from www.waizi.org.cn/doc/38884.html [in Chinese].
32. Public Procurement in China: European Business Experiences Competing for Public Contracts in China (2011). Public Procurement Study. European Chamber. Retrieved from cbi.typepad.com/files/euccc-public-procurement-in-china-april-2011.pdf
33. Notification to the Ministry of Finance of the press and distribution of measures to evaluate public procurement of endogenous innovative products (2007). Caiku. 30. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/ztzl/kjfzgh/content_883671.htm [in Chinese].
34. Notice of the Ministry of Finance on the Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement Contracts for endogenous Innovation Products (2007). Treasury, 31. Retrieved from big5.www.gov.cn/ gate/big5/www.gov.cn/ztzl/kjfzgh/content_883701.htm [in Chinese].
35. China Statistical Yearbook-2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020 from www.stats.gov.cn/ [in Chinese].
36. China Statistical Yearbook-2007. Retrieved April 17, 2020 from www.stats.gov.cn [in Chinese].
№ 4/2020
САЛІХОВА Олена Борисівна1, ГОНЧАРЕНКО Дар’я Олегівна2
1ДУ "Інститут економіки та прогнозування НАН України"
2Міністерство розвитку економіки, торгівлі та сільського господарства України
ФАРМАЦЕВТИКА УКРАЇНИ: ВІД ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ДО ЕНДОГЕННОГО РОЗВИТКУ
| Economy and forecasting 2020; 4:5-33 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.04.005 |
АНОТАЦІЯ ▼
Обґрунтовано теоретико-прикладні засади розбудови високотехнологічних фармацевтичних виробництв (ВТФВ); встановлено, що ключовою проблемою країн, які розвиваються, у цій сфері є залежність від ресурсів та ринків розвинених країн, а залучення передових іноземних технологій може стати каталізатором нарощування технологічного потенціалу ВТФВ приймаючих країн за умови активної державної політики з посилення абсорбційної здатності галузі до інновацій, нагромадження знань та людського капіталу, змін інституційного середовища, покращення рамкових умов для інновацій. У контексті розбудови ВТФВ показано значення мережевого характеру набуття фармкомпаніями стійких конкурентних переваг, що базуються на ресурсах, які складно зімітувати або замістити; обґрунтовано, що мережі, вибудовані із місцевими науковими установами, ЗВО, дослідницькими підрозділами інших компаній, дають фармвиробникам можливість отримати доступ до комплементарних активів і стають їх специфічним ресурсом, що забезпечує унікальні конкурентні переваги.
Виявлено методико-статистичні особливості категоризації індустрій за рівнем технологічності в умовах глобалізації; обґрунтовано, що сьогоднішнє низьке значення співвідношення витрат на дослідження і розробки (ДіР) та доданої вартості фармацевтики окремих країн не є ознакою її невисокої технологічності, оскільки отримані нині доходи галузі є результатом довготривалих ДіР та узгоджувальних процедур із виведення на ринок нових лікарських засобів із лагом у 10–15 років. Запропоновано новий інструмент дослідження міжнародної торгівлі високотехнологічними фармацевтичними товарами, особливість якого полягає у категоризації номенклатурних позицій за кінцевим використанням; сформовано Перелік високотехнологічних медичних та фармацевтичних проміжних товарів – ВТ ФПТ (за SITC Rev.4 та УКТ ЗЕД); запропоновано показники: коефіцієнт імпортозалежності фармацевтичного виробництва, "очищений" експорт фармацевтичних товарів та коефіцієнт покриття імпорту ВТ ФПТ, подано формули їх обчислення. Авторський підхід уперше надав можливість оцінити масштаби витрат та залежність фарміндустрії від імпортних компонентів, що втілюють передові технології та є вихідними для ВТФВ.
Виявлено, що в Україні частка іноземних проміжних високотехнологічних товарів у споживанні галузі сягає 82,2%; галузь, працюючи на імпортних субстанціях, виготовляє переважно продукцію для внутрішнього ринку, не заробляючи у валюті навіть для покриття видатків на придбання необхідних інгредієнтів; виробники не спираються на синтезовані хімічні продукти вітчизняного виробництва передусім через те, що продуктів хімічної індустрії для потреб фармацевтики в Україні вже практично немає; нарощування обсягів виробництва відбувається під впливом іноземних технологій та проміжних товарів. Обґрунтовано, що фармацевтичне виробництво має критичну залежність від імпортних поставок для забезпечення безперебійної роботи підприємств та галузі охорони здоров'я.
Виявлено ключові ендогенні бар'єри, що перешкоджають розвитку ВТФВ, серед яких – проблеми у підготовці фахівців та брак вчених, компетенції яких сприятимуть вирішенню завдань ендогенного розвитку галузі; відсутність державної допомоги суб’єктам господарювання на проведення наукових досліджень, технологічну та інноваційну діяльність; брак власних коштів для нарощування видатків на ДіР та реалізацію масштабних інвестиційно-інноваційних проєктів; брак дешевих кредитів, через що українські фармвиробники потрапляють у нерівні умови порівняно із іноземними конкурентами.
Запропоновано концептуальні засади розбудови ВТФВ в Україні; обґрунтовано доцільність нормативно-правових змін, визначення стратегічних пріоритетів та запровадження заходів розвитку ВТФВ в Україні на базі комплексного підходу, що охоплюватиме створення та освоєння у виробництві: фармацевтичних інгредієнтів для лікарських засобів (хімічних та біотехнологічних товарів), медичних виробів, наповнювачів, пакувальних матеріалів, машин та обладнання для фармацевтики, – це сприятиме зменшенню залежності від іноземних технологій, підвищенню рівня локалізації виробництва, зайнятості та надходжень до бюджетів усіх рівнів.
Публікацію підготовлено в рамках цільової комплексної програми наукових досліджень НАН України "Макроперспективи ендогенізації економічного розвитку України" (державний реєстраційний № 0117U006435).
Ключові слова:високотехнологічне виробництво, фармацевтика, промисловість, технології, інновації, ендогенні інновації, технологічна залежність, державна політика
| Стаття англійською мовою (cтор. 5 - 33) | Завантажити | Завантажень : 260 |
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29. Frascati, M. (2002). Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development. Paris: OECD.
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34. Why Ireland Is Attracting The World’s Top Pharmaceutical Companies and How You Can Benefit. Retrieved from www.innopharmaeducation.com/news/why -ireland-attracting-the-worlds-top-pharmaceutical-companies-and-how-you-can-benefit
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17. Veblen, T. Imperial Germany and Th e Industrial Revolution. Retrieved from core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7048899.pdf
18. Honcharenko, D.O. (2020). New Approaches to the Assessment of Foreign Trade in High-Tech Pharmaceuticals. Statystyka Ukrainy – Statistics of Ukraine, 1, 35-41. doi.org/10.31767/ su.1(88)2020.01.04
19. Salikhova, O., and Bak, G. (2015). Concepts of the influence of technology transfer by transnational corporations on the economy of a recipient country. Ìstor. nar. gospod. ekon. dumki Ukr. – History of economics and economic thought of Ukraine, 48, 270-295 [in Ukrainian].
20. Heуets, V.M. (2014). Institutional conditionality of innovative processes in ukraine’s industrial development. Ekonomika Ukrainy – Economy of Ukraine, 12, 4-19 [in Ukrainian].
21. Salikhova, O.B., and Honcharenko, D.O. (2020). Pharmaceutical industry of Mexico: a lesson for Ukraine. Zovnishnia torhivlia: ekonomika, finansy, pravo – Foreign trade: economy, finances, right, 7, 47-69 [in Ukrainian].
22. Crafts, N.F.R. (1995, Dec.). Exogenous or Endogenous Growth? The Industrial Revolution Reconsidered. The Journal of Economic History, 55: 4, 745-772. doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700042145
23. Simurina, J., Tolic, I. (2008, January). Dynamics of the technology progress in economic development . Ekonomska Istraživanja/ Economic Research, 21(3), 12-24.
24. Mayer, J. (1996, December). Implications of new trade and endogenous growth theories for diversification policies of commodity-dependent countries, 122. UNCTAD/OSG/DP/122. Retrieved from core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7043238.pdf
25. Romer, Paul M. (1990, Oct.). Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98: 5, p. 71-102. Retrieved from web.stanford.edu/~klenow/Ro mer_1990.pdf; doi.org/10.1086/261725
26. Romer, Paul M. (1987, May). Growth Based on Increasing Returns Due to Specialization. The American Economic Review, 77: 2, 56-62. Retrieved from eclass.uoa.gr/modules/document/file.php/ECON206/Course%20material/Romer%20Growth%20Increasing%20Returns%20AER%201987.pdf
27. Grossman, Gene M., Helpman, E. (2018, January). Growth, trade and inequality. Econometrica, 86: 1, 37-83. Retrieved from www.princeton.edu/~ grossman/GrowthTradeInequality.pdf; doi.org/10.3982/ECTA14518
28. Salikhova, O.B., Honcharenko, D.O. (2020). The Conceptual Foundations of the Strategy of Development of the High-Tech Industry of Pharmaceuticals and Medical Products in Ukraine till 2030. Biznes Inform – Business Inform, 7, 28-35. Retrieved from doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-7-28-35 [in Ukrainian].
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37. Scientific and innovative activity of Ukraine in 2018. Retrieved from www.ukrstat.gov.ua/
38. Scientific and innovative activity of Ukraine in 2019. Retrieved from www.ukrstat.gov.ua/
39. Strategy for the development of medical education in Ukraine 27.02.2019. Retrieved from moz.gov.ua/uploads/1/8475-medical_education_ analytics.pdf
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№ 3/2021
САЛІХОВА Олена Борисівна1, ГОНЧАРЕНКО Дар’я Олегівна2
1ДУ "Інститут економіки та прогнозування НАН України"
2Міністерство розвитку економіки, торгівлі та сільського господарства України
| Economy and forecasting 2021; 3:88-113 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2021.03.088 |
АНОТАЦІЯ ▼
Ключові слова:
| Стаття англійською мовою (cтор. 88 - 113) | Завантажити | Завантажень : 102 |
СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ ▼
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№ 4/2022
САЛІХОВА Олена Борисівна1, КРЕХІВСЬКИЙ Олег Володимирович2
1ДУ "Інститут економіки та прогнозування НАН України"
2Секретаріат Кабінету Міністрів України
The state in the post-war industrial recovery and economic renewal: historical parallels and approaches for Ukraine…………………….
| Economy and forecasting 2022; 4:5-34 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2022.04.005 |
АНОТАЦІЯ ▼
In 2022, Ukrainians are experiencing the most tragic events since the Second World War - the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into Ukraine has led to numerous casualties, the destruction of cities, and the disruption of infrastructure and industrial facilities. Since the first days of the war, the dependence on the industrial imports (primarily for military purposes) became obvious, as well as the fact that the ensuing socio-economic crisis cannot be overcome with domestic resources alone - both now and even after the end of the war. This prompts the search for mechanisms to ensure the stability and recovery of Ukraine\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s economy. The purpose of the article is to generalize the global experience of prioritizing the industry in the state policy of the leading countries of the world under the conditions of severe tests, to illustrate the implementation by the state of the functions speeding up economic recovery; and to propose conclusions and recommendations for Ukraine.
The article shows the place of industry in the policy of recovery, gaining economic independence and increasing the country\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s power. Using historical examples, the authors demonstrated that during 300 years the state has influenced the industry through targeted political levers and institutional frameworks, generating the optimal results of measures aimed at restructuring to overcome the consequences of wars, epidemics and crises. It is substantiated that under the severe ordeals, the state has played a leading role in economic recovery, implementing a number of functions - administration and moderation, stimulation and catalysis, integration and cooperation, entrepreneurship and consumption, conservation and protection - to speed up the development of national industry as a source of the stabilization of employment, domestic and foreign investment, inflation, foreign trade and the financial sector, contributing to national social balance and well-being. The authors propose a conceptual approach to the functions of the state during post-war recovery of Ukraine\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s economy, ensuring economic stability and growth based on the national industry.
Ключові слова:war, economic recovery, industry, state, politics, functions of the state
| Стаття англійською мовою (cтор. 5 - 34) | Завантажити | Завантажень : 69 |
СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ ▼
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