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| НА ГОЛОВНУ | |
№ 2020/4
1ДУ «Інститут економіки та прогнозування НАН України»
НЕФОРМАЛЬНА ЗАЙНЯТІСТЬ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ФОРМУВАННЯ ІНСТИТУЦІЙНИХ УМОВ ЇЇ МІНІМІЗАЦІЇ
| Economy and forecasting 2020; 4:34-55 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.04.034 |
АНОТАЦІЯ ▼
Подано результати дослідження структури та масштабів поширення неформальної зайнятості на ринку праці України. Базуючись на аналізі отриманих оцінок, складено соціально-економічний профіль середньостатистичного працівника, залученого до неформальних трудових відносин. Особливістю дослід-ження є те, що всі оцінки розглянуто окремо для найманої праці та самозайнятості, що дало змогу виявити внутрішню неоднорідність структури неформальної зайнятості в Україні.
За результатами економетричного моделювання виділено основні соціально-економічні, демографічні, поселенські, професійні та галузеві фактори, що детермінують залученість індивіда до неформальної зайнятості в Україні.
Охарактеризовано основи законодавчо-нормативного регулювання трудових відносин як формального інституту, що впливає на динаміку неформальної зайнятості. Встановлено зв'язок між рівнем гнучкості регулювання ринку праці у країні та масш-табами поширення неформальної зайнятості серед її населення. Показано, що в економіках із гнучким регулюванням, як правило, неформальна зайнятість менша.
Базуючись на оцінках та аналізі гнучкості регулювання ринку праці в Україні за такими компонентами, як найм, робочий час та скорочення штату працівників (правила та вартість), виявлено "вузькі місця" національного законодавства, які можуть призводити до зростання неформальної зайнятості, що у свою чергу допомогло визначити основні інституційні умови її мінімізації.
Ключові слова:неформальна зайнятість, наймані працівники, самозайнятість, мікродетермінанти, гнучкість регулювання рин-ку праці
| Стаття англійською мовою (cтор. 34 - 55) | Завантажити | Завантажень : 256 |
СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ ▼
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19. Botero, J., Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. (2004). The Regu-lation of Labor. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119 (4), 1339-1382. doi.org/10.1162/0033553042476215
20. World Bank (2020). Doing Business. Washington, DC: World Bank.
21. European Commission (2010). Report Employment in Europe. Chapter 3.
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23. Booth, A.L., Francesconi, M., Frank, J. (2002). Temporary Jobs: Stepping Stones or Dead Ends? The Economic Journal, 112: 480, 189-213. doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297. 00043
24. Betcherman, G. (2002). Employment Regulation: Rules for Hiring and Termination. World Bank Employment Policy Primer, 1.
25. Jardim, E., Long, M.C., Plotnick, R., et al. (2017). Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle. NBER Working Paper, 23532. doi.org/10.3386/w23532
26. Kreiner, C.T., Reck, D., Skov, P.E. (2017). Do Lower Minimum Wages for Young Workers Raise their Employment? Evidence from a Danish Discontinuity. CEPR unpublished paper. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3255446
27. Neumark, D. (2014). Employment Effects of Minimum Wages. IZA World of Labor. doi.org/10.15185/izawol.6
28. Lordan, G., Neumark, D. (2017). People versus Machines: The Impact of Minimum Wages on Automatable Jobs. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 23667. Retrieved from www.nber.org/papers/w23667; doi.org/10.3386/w23667
29. Goraus-Tanska, K., Lewandowki, Р. (2016). Minimum Wage Violation in Central and Eastern Europe. Retrieved from ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp10098.html
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31. Kuddo, A., Robalino, D., Weber, M. (2015). Balancing Regulations to Promote Jobs: From Employment Contracts to Unemployment Benefits. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/12/09/the-right-mixof-labor-regulations-can-protect-workers-while-maintaining-in-centivesto-create-jobs-says-new-wbgilo-report
32. Loayza, N.V., Oviedo, A.M., Serven, L. (2005). The Impact of Regulation on Growth and Informality: Cross-Country Evidence. Policy, Research Working Paper. Nr. WPS 3623. World Bank. doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3623
2. Resolution concerning the International Classification of Status in Employment. (1993). The Fifteenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). Retrieved from www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/resolutions-adop ted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087562/lang--en/index.htm
3. Guidelines concerning a Statistical Definition of Informal Employment. (2003). The Seventeenth International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS). Retrieved from: ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/standards-and-guidelines/guidelines-adopted-by-international-conferences-of-labour-statisticians/WCMS_087622/lang--en/index.htm
4. The order of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine "On approval of Methodological Provisions for Determining Informal Employment" of January 23, 2013 № 16. Retrieved from: www.ukrstat.gov.ua/metod_polog/metod_doc/2013/16/16_2013.htm [in Ukrainian].
5. Bogatyrenko, Z.S. (2007). International Labour Organization. Conventions, Documents, Materials. Moscow: Delo i Servis [in Russian].
6. Balakirieva, O.M., Dmytruk, D.A. (2019). Socio-Economic Assessments and Sentiments of Ukrainian Population between the Presidential and Parliamentary Elections in 2019. Ukr. socìum – Ukrainian Society, 2(69), 111-126. doi.org/10.15407/socium2019.02.111 [in Ukrainian].
7. Data on the average pension payment. Pension Fund of Ukraine. Retrieved from www.pfu.gov.ua/statystyka/dani-pro-serednij-rozmir-pensijnoyi-vyplaty/ [in Ukrainian].
8. Yuryk, Ya.I. (2018). Shift – Share Analysis: Decomposition of Growth Rates of Aggregate Labor Productivity in Ukraine. In I.L. Petrova & V.V. Blyzniuk (Eds.), The Ukrainian Labor Market: Imperatives and Opportunities for Change (pp. 84-94). Kyiv: NAS of Ukraine, Institute for Economics and Forecasting, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].
9. Feldmann, H. (2005). Labour Market Institutions and Labour Market Performance in Transition Countries. Post-Communist Economies, 17: 1, 47-82. doi.org/10.1080/14631370500052720
10. Heckman, J., Pagés, C. (2000). The Cost of Job Security Regulation: Evidence from Latin American Labor Markets. NBER Working Paper, 7773. doi.org/10.3386/w7773
11. Heckman, J., Pagés, C. (2003). Law and Employment: Lessons from Latin America and the Carribean. NBER Working Paper, 10129. doi.org/10.3386/w10129
12. Nicoletti, G., Scarpetta, S., Boylaud, O. (2000). Summary Indicators of Product Market Regulation with an Extension to Employment Protection Legislation. OECD Economics Department Working Paper, 226. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.201668
13. Scarpetta, S. (1996). Assessing the Role of Labour Market Policies and Institutional Settings on Unemployment: A Cross-Country Study. OECD Economic Studies, 26, 43-98.
14. Djankov, S., Ramalho, R. (2009). Employment Laws in Developing Countries. Journal of Comparative Economics, 37: 1, 3-13. doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2008.10.003
15. Cournède, B., Denk, О., Garda, Р., Hoeller, Р. (2016). Enhancing Economic Flexibility: What is in it for Workers? OECD Economic Policy Papers, 19.
16. Cournède, B., Denk, О., Garda, Р. (2016). Effects of Flexibility-Enhancing Reforms on Employment Transitions. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 1348.
17. Mironenko, O. N. (2009). The Impact of Employment Protection Legislation on Employment and Unemployment: The Experience of Cross-Country Comparisons. Jekonomicheskij zhurnal VshJe – HSE Economic Journal, 4, 575-595 [in Russian].
18. Yuryk, Ya.I. (2015). Assessment and Comparative Analysis of the Severity of Ukraine's Legislation on Employment Protection. Ekon. Prognozuvannâ – Economy and Forecasting, 1, 23-39. doi.org/10.15407/eip2015.01.023 [in Ukrainian].
19. Botero, J., Djankov, S., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. (2004). The Regu-lation of Labor. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119 (4), 1339-1382. doi.org/10.1162/0033553042476215
20. World Bank (2020). Doing Business. Washington, DC: World Bank.
21. European Commission (2010). Report Employment in Europe. Chapter 3.
22. Gangl, M. (2003). The Only Way is Up? Employment Protection and Job Mobility among Recent Entrants to European Labour Markets. European Sociological Review, 19: 5, 429-449. doi.org/10.1093/esr/19.5.429
23. Booth, A.L., Francesconi, M., Frank, J. (2002). Temporary Jobs: Stepping Stones or Dead Ends? The Economic Journal, 112: 480, 189-213. doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297. 00043
24. Betcherman, G. (2002). Employment Regulation: Rules for Hiring and Termination. World Bank Employment Policy Primer, 1.
25. Jardim, E., Long, M.C., Plotnick, R., et al. (2017). Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle. NBER Working Paper, 23532. doi.org/10.3386/w23532
26. Kreiner, C.T., Reck, D., Skov, P.E. (2017). Do Lower Minimum Wages for Young Workers Raise their Employment? Evidence from a Danish Discontinuity. CEPR unpublished paper. doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3255446
27. Neumark, D. (2014). Employment Effects of Minimum Wages. IZA World of Labor. doi.org/10.15185/izawol.6
28. Lordan, G., Neumark, D. (2017). People versus Machines: The Impact of Minimum Wages on Automatable Jobs. NBER Working Paper Series, Working Paper 23667. Retrieved from www.nber.org/papers/w23667; doi.org/10.3386/w23667
29. Goraus-Tanska, K., Lewandowki, Р. (2016). Minimum Wage Violation in Central and Eastern Europe. Retrieved from ideas.repec.org/p/iza/izadps/dp10098.html
30. The Forecast of Economic and Social Development of Ukraine for 2021-2023 years. Retrieved from www.me.gov.ua/Documents/Detail?lang=uk-UA&id=98c3a695-56bb-42ba-b651-60ce1f899654&title=PrognozEkonomichnogo ISotsialnogoRozvitkuUkrainiNa2021-2023-Roki
31. Kuddo, A., Robalino, D., Weber, M. (2015). Balancing Regulations to Promote Jobs: From Employment Contracts to Unemployment Benefits. Retrieved from www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2015/12/09/the-right-mixof-labor-regulations-can-protect-workers-while-maintaining-in-centivesto-create-jobs-says-new-wbgilo-report
32. Loayza, N.V., Oviedo, A.M., Serven, L. (2005). The Impact of Regulation on Growth and Informality: Cross-Country Evidence. Policy, Research Working Paper. Nr. WPS 3623. World Bank. doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3623
Календар подій
| M | T | W | T | F | S | S |
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| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
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| 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 |
| 29 | 30 | |||||
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