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№ 2022/4
GRYGA Vitalii Yuriyovych1, RYZHKOVA Yuliya Oleksandrivna2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Science and innovation in Ukraine: approaches to policy making in times of war
| Economy and forecasting 2022; 4:77-93 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2022.04.077 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The full-scale war started by Russia in Ukraine has caused many challenges to economic development, the overcoming of which is hard to be imagined without the research and innovation. Rebuilding R&I became another challenge for Ukrainian policymakers. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the R&I policy of Ukraine during the war caused by Russia and to develop policy recommendations for the postwar recovery. To achieve it, we used several methods, in particular expert opinion generalization, relevant scientific and policy literature analysis, and statistical analysis.
The paper considers three approaches to innovation policy-making at crisis time: produce; procure; repurpose. Currently, Ukraine uses mainly the second one, by buying and receiving modern armament and equipment. Meanwhile, there were some innovative developments in Ukraine, which are not produced in sufficient quantities. After the war, Ukraine couldn’t buy armament due to fiscal constraints. Thus, in the short-run period, the government should reorient efforts toward repurposing of current developments. However, such an approach is not sustainable in the long-run period, when the development of a broader S&T base is required to create a solid base for further repurposing in emergency cases. The war caused massive damage to Ukrainian R&I potential, which by now is not fully measured and quantified. There are two types of damage: physical loss of research and innovation infrastructure (e.g. research facilities, and high-tech enterprises) and «brain drain», both of which should be the focus of R&I policymakers. Therefore, a set of policy measures is proposed to address the war-led challenges in R&I.
Keywords:R&D and innovation policy, science, war, damage, recovering, economic development
JEL: H56, O31, O32, O38
| Article in English (pp. 77 - 93) | Download | Downloads :98 |
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2. Meske, Werner and Thinh, Dang Duy (Eds.). (2000.). Vietnam's research and development system in the 1990s: Structural and functional change. Research report. WZB Discussion Paper, P 00-401. Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB), Berlin. Retrieved from bibliothek.wzb.eu/pdf/2000/p00-401.pdf
3. Local economic recovery in post-conflict: guidelines. International Labour Office, ILO Programme for Crisis Response and Reconstruction (ILO/CRISIS). Geneva: ILO. Retrieved from www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_emp/documents/instructionalmaterial/wcms_141270.pdf
4. Leadbeater, C. (2020). Innovation and crisis: comparing wartime strategy to our COVID-19 response. NESTA blogs. Retrieved from www.nesta.org.uk/blog/innovation-and-crisis-comparing-wartime-strategy-our-covid-19-response/
5. Heyets, V. et al (Eds.). (2015). Innovative Ukraine 2020: national report. NAS of Ukraine [in Ukrainian].
6. World Bank (2017). Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ecosystem Diagnostic: Ukraine. Retrieved from documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/126971509628933853/pdf/2-11-2017-14-55-6-UkraineInnovationandEntrepreneurshipEcosystemDiagnostic.pdf
7. EC (2017). Peer Review of the Ukrainian Research and Innovation System. Horizon 2020 Policy Support Facility. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu/research-and-innovation/sites/default/files/rio/report/KI%2520AX%252016%2520008%2520EN%2520N_UKR_0.pdf
8. UNECE (2020). Sub-regional Innovation Policy Outlook 2020: Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus. Retrieved from unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/UNECE_Sub-regional_IPO_2020_Publication.pdf
9. Korablin, S. (2022). Ukraine: financial dimension of the war. Visny`k nacional`noyi akademiyi nauk Ukrayiny – Herald of the National academy of sciences of Ukraine, 7, 39-41. Retrieved from dspace.nbuv.gov.ua/bitstream/handle/ 123456789/185282/12-Korablin.pdf?sequence=1 [in Ukrainian].
10. Bobukh, I. (2022). Assessment of losses and prospects for the development of human capital as a component of Ukraine's national wealth as a result of military aggression. In Yurchyshyn, V. (Ed). Geopolitical and geoeconomic changes triggered by the Russian aggression and renewal of Ukraine's place in the world (p. 75-81). Kyiv: Razumkov Center [in Ukrainian].
11. Mazzucato, M. & Dibb, G. (2020). Innovation policy and industrial strategy for post-Covid economic recovery. UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, Policy Brief series (IIPP PB 10). Retrieved from www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/public-purpose/sites/public-purpose/files/iipp_policy_brief_10_innovation_policy_and_ industrial_strategy_for_post-covid_economic_recovery-final.pdf
12. Ukrstat (2021a). Research and development expenditure by R&D type for 2010-2020. Retrieved from ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2021/ni/rik/vvndrvr_10_20ue.xlsx [in Ukrainian].
13. Sub-regional Innovation Policy Outlook 2020: Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus. Retrieved from unece.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/UNECE_Sub-regional_IPO_2020_Publication.pdf
14. Ukrstat (2021b). Number of innovation active of industrial enterprises by areas of innovation by type of economic activity. Retrieved from ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2021/ni/rik/kiap_ved_20_ue.xlsx [in Ukrainian].
15. GII (2022). GII 2022 results. Retrieved from www.globalinnovationindex.org/userfiles/file/reportpdf/GII-2022/GII_2022_results.pdf
16. Nakonechna, Ye. (2022, March 08). More than two million people left Ukraine as a result of the war. Deutsche welle. Retrieved from www.dw.com/uk/ponad-dva-miliony-liudei-zalyshyly-ukrainu/a-61051738
17. Klitschko told how many people left Kyiv since the beginning of the war (2022, March 10). Apostrof Kyiv. Retrieved from apostrophe.ua/ua/news/kyiv/2022-03-10/klichko-rasskazal-skolko-lyudey-vyiehalo-iz-kieva-s-nachala-voynyi/262075?fbclid=IwAR11AWyRd5sUWASyUUobtVrDH5r2ZsUmHtzUANWCN-wL2GrKg3Sxi0q-MCk [in Ukrainian].
18. Gaind, N. (2022). How three Ukrainian scientists are surviving Russia's brutal war. Nature, 605, 414-416. doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-01272-3
19. Zahorodnii A. (2022, July 11). The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine continues to fulfill its main tasks. An interview. Retrieved from nas.gov.ua/UA/Messages/Pages/View.aspx?MessageID=9259 [in Ukrainian]
20. More than 23 thousand teachers and more than 600 thousand students went abroad (2022, November 25). Ukrinform. Retrieved from www.ukrinform.ua/rubric-society/3475112-za-kordon-viihali-bils-ak-23-tisaci-vciteliv-ta-ponad-600-tisac-ucniv.html [in Ukrainian].
21. National Research Foundation: 2022 grant season suspended until final victory over Russian occupiers (2022, March 17). Svit. Retrieved from svit.kpi.ua/2022/03/17/%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%86%d1%96%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b9-%d1%84%d0%be%d0%bd%d0%b4-%d0%b4%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d1%96%d0%b4%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d1%8c%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%82%d0%be/?fbclid=IwAR0xEcnsBNz6HMzZxRdUDfgw_3rMIiVtd7KcGi7MYu0C5ksw3TTzU24y3zw [in Ukrainian].
22. KMU (2022, September 29). Supporting Ukraine: global principles and values in scientific and innovative activities. Retrieved from: www.kmu.gov.ua/news/pidtrymuiuchy-ukrainu-hlobalni-pryntsypy-ta-tsinnosti-v-naukovii-ta-innovatsiinii-diialnosti [in Ukrainian].
23. Study of SME in Ukraine. 6 wave (2022, July). Advanter. Retrieved from drive.google.com/file/d/1SpJwNwG8-TvB8NRCZWmt4MLcNxBr994w/view [in Ukrainian].
24. Kuzyakiv, O., Angel, E., Gulik, A., Fedets, I. (2022). Sixth Monthly survey of enterprises "Ukrainian business during the war". Retrieved from tfdialogue.ier.com.ua/archives/5616 [in Ukrainian].
25. Ukrstat (2021c). Financing sources of innovation activities of industrial enterprises. Retrieved from ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2021/ni/ dj_fin_igpp/dj_fin_idpp_20ue.xlsx [in Ukrainian].
26. 745 enterprises moved to safe regions(2022, September 26). Uaprom.info. Retrieved from uaprom.info/news/185830-bezpechni-regioni-pereyihali-745-pidpriyemstv.html [in Ukrainian].
27. Potaeva, O. (2022, March 24). 23% of business attract more than half of employees, survey. Retrieved from agrotimes.ua/agromarket/23-biznesu-zaluchayut-ponad-polovyny-spivrobitnykiv-opytuvannya/ [in Ukrainian].
28. CID (2022, September 12). The state and needs of business for environmental post-war recovery: survey results. Retrieved from cid.center/the-state-and-needs-of-businesses-for-post-recovery-ecological-recovery-survey-results/ [in Ukrainian].
29. Eurostat (NA). GERD by sector of performance and type of R&D. Retrieved from ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/RD_E_GERDACT/default/table?lang=en&category=scitech.rd.rd_e
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31. UCA (2022). Ukrainian cluster association. Retrieved from www.clusters.org.ua/ [in Ukrainian].
32. UCA (2022, July 7). The program "Export and Internationalization of Industrial SMEs": 7 proposals of the UCA for the Government. Retrieved from www.clusters.org.ua/en/blog-about-clusters/export-and-internationalization-7-proposals-for-the-government/ [in Ukrainian].
33. Recovery Plan of Ukraine (2022). Retrieved from https:// recovery.gov.ua / [in Ukrainian].
34. URC (2022). Outcome Document of the Ukraine Recovery Conference URC2022 ‘Lugano Declaration' Retrieved from www.kmu.gov.ua/storage/app/sites/1/18%20-%20Department/18%20-%20PDF/2022/05.07/Lugano%20Declaration%20URC2022.pdf [in Ukrainian].
35. Ganster, R., Kirkegaard, J., Kleine-Brockhoff, T. and Stokes, B. Designing Ukraine's Recovery in the Spirit of the Marshall Plan. 2022. Retrieved from www.gmfus.org/sites/default/files/2022-09/Designing%20Ukraine%E2%80%99s%20Recovery%20in%20the%20Spirit%20of%20the%20Marshall%20Plan_0.pdf
36. VRU (2022). Explanatory note to the draft Law of Ukraine "On the State Budget of Ukraine for 2023". Retrieved from itd.rada.gov.ua/billInfo/Bills/pubFile/1473860 [in Ukrainian].
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