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№ 2/2019
BLYZNIUK Viktoriia Valeriyivna1, YURYK Yaryna Ivanivna 2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Educational and qualificational disproportions of Ukraine's regional labor market
Economy and forecasting 2019; 2:99-118 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.02.099 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article deals with educational and qualificational features and disproportions of the regional labor market. The authors reveal and summarize the features of structural and dynamic characteristics of the labor market in an industrial region (Zaporizhzhya region), and professional and sectoral structure of the employed and unemployed population. The disproportionality between regional distribution of vocational education and demand for skilled labor is considered in the context of the uneven distribution of employees by professions and economic activities, which led to distortions in the quantitative and qualitative structure of the labor market and further aggravated the mismatch between the level of labor's skills and the needs of employers at the regional level.
The paper substantiates the conclusion about the autonomy of the trajectories of vocational education development in the region and the labor market of worker professions, which shows up in the excessive qualification of the employed population in the region.
Based on the results of analytical calculations, the authors identified and fully characterized the professional "core" of the Zaporizhzhya region, which covers no less than 80% of all employed in the worker professions and identified, in its structure, the most wide spread professions in the region. The comparative characteristic of the professional "core" with the need of employers and their salary offers allowed to identify the bottlenecks of the occupational structure of employment in the region.
Since the training of workers in accordance with the policy of decentralization is a prerogative of local authorities, it is at the regional level that workers should be trained to ensure the replenishment of a professional "core". The authors prove that the system of worker training in Zaporizhzhya region is not able to bring the training of skilled workers in line with the needs of the labor market. It is the social dialogue with all stakeholders in the region that acquires particular importance for the modernization of the content of educational policy.
Keywords: imbalance, demand, supply, professional workers, regional labor market
JEL: J21, J23, J24
Article in English (pp. 99 - 118) | Download | Downloads :546 |
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№ 4/2019
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
PROFESSIONAL GENDER SEGREGATION IN THE LABOR MARKET OF UKRAINE
Economy and forecasting 2019; 4:101-118 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.04.101 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The focus of the presented study is to identify the extent, nature of changes and determinants of professional gender segregation in the Ukrainian labor market, as well as to search for effective ways of equalizing gender disparities in the opportunities and
results of male and female employment.
The analysis of the gender professional structure of employment of the opulation
of Ukraine, as well as the concentration of men and women in different occupational groups made it possible to reveal asymmetry in gender based distribution of work, as well as to identify the so-called " female " and " male " types of employment. In ad-
dition, it was established to what extent gender groups were involved in the overall shifts in the professional composition of this country's labor force.
With the use of Duncan Dissimilarity Index, the author traces how changes in
population employment have manifested themselves in the dynamics of the level of occupational gender segregation in the Ukrainian labor market.
It was found that the increase in the level of occupational gender segregation, which occurred during the period of study period, was caused by shifts in the general structure of occupations, while changes in the occupational concentration of men
and women somewhat mitigated the gender imbalances.
It is shown that employment in Ukraine is gender segregated not only horizontally but also vertically and the author estimates the vertical gender segregation. Identified the determinants of vertical professional distribution of men and women. And the distribution of the influence of the workers' personal characteristics and their workplace parameters on the probability of job promotion with the consequences of
discrimination in the domestic labor market made it possible to establish that the barriers to women's career growth are largely related to prejudiced attitudes and gender stereotypes about kinds of job suitable for women.
Defined possible guidelines for equalizing the identified gender imbalances in employment and ensuring equal opportunities for men and women in the sphere of labor.
Keywords:professional gender segregation, concentration, structure, employment, Ukrainian labor market
JEL: J16
Article in English (pp. 101 - 118) | Download | Downloads :400 |
Article in Ukrainian (pp. 101 - 118) |
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№ 4/2020
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE AND FORMATION OF INSTITUTIONAL CONDITIONS OF ITS MINIMIZATION
Economy and forecasting 2020; 4:34-55 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.04.034 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article presents the results of the study on the structure and scale of spread of informal employment in Ukrainian labor market. Based on the analysis of the received estimates, the author makes a social and economic profile of the average worker involved in informal labor relations. The peculiarity of the study is that all estimates are considered separately for hired labor and self-employment, which allows to identify the internal heterogeneity of the structure of informal employment in Ukraine.
According to the results of the econometric modeling, the main socio-economic, demographic, settlement, professional and sectoral factors that determine the involvement of the individual in informal employment in Ukraine are identified.
Described the basics of legal regulation of labor relations as a formal institution influencing the dynamics of informal employment. Established the relationship between the level of flexibility in the regulation of the labor market in the country and the extent of informal employment among its population. It has been shown that in economies with flexible regulation, as a rule, informal employment is lower.
Based on assessments and analysis of the flexibility of labor market regulation in Ukraine by such components as hiring, working hours and staff reductions (rules and costs), bottlenecks in the national legislation have been identified that can cause increased informal employment, which in turn helped determine the main institutional conditions for its minimization.
Keywords:informal employment, employees, self-employment, microdeterminants, flexibility of labor market regulation
JEL: J46, С25, К31
Article in English (pp. 34 - 55) | Download | Downloads :256 |
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№ 4/2022
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Inter-status mobility in Ukraine’s labor market
Economy and forecasting 2022; 4:54-76 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2022.04.054 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The article studies the functioning of Ukraine's labor market in 2019–2021 through the prism of the status flows of labor force, for which various methodological techniques of analytical research are consistently applied, which, complementing each other, allow analyzing the flows from different angles of view. So, using micro data on labor force indicators and their characteristics, probabilistic matrices of transitions of Ukraine's population between employment, unemployment and economic inactivity are constructed, assuming that such transitions occur according to the Markov process. As a result, the scope, nature and dominant vectors of the movements of Ukrainians between the three main statuses on the labor market are revealed. Based on the algorithms for calculating Shorrock's indices – proxy indices of mobility, the author carries out an integral assessment of the intensity of inter-status movement in Ukraine's labor market. A similar assessment for a number of European countries makes it possible to propose a basis for cross-country comparison of the level of mobility in Ukraine. Using economic-mathematical modeling of multiple choice, the author reveals socio-demographic factors determining the individual's status on Ukraine's labor market, and in so doing also answers the question of stability of the observed status.
It is shown that the analysis of inter-status mobility of labor force provides a powerful basis for better understanding of the functioning of the labor market, characterizes the mechanisms of adaptation of the latter and allows observing the direction and intensity of flows behind any specific change in gross employment, unemployment or economic inactivity, which makes relevant policy measures on the labor market more targeted. In particular, since the analyzed period was marked by increased unemployment in Ukraine, the author establishes the role of flows in the above mentioned dynamics and in the distribution of the risk of job loss, taking into account such socio-demographic characteristics of individuals as gender, age and education level. Understanding such connections is important for developing high quality solutions aimed at reducing unemployment in the country.
Keywords:mobility, labor force, employment, unemployment, economic inactivity, labor market, Ukraine
JEL: J21, J60
Article in English (pp. 54 - 76) | Download | Downloads :65 |
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