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№ 2/2019
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Foreign practices of smart specialisation and possibilities of its implementation in Ukraine
Economy and forecasting 2019; 2:137-152 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2019.02.137 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The paper is devoted to the issues of implementation of smart specialisation concept into the regional development policy of Ukraine. The relevance of the issue is related to the need of harmonization of the regional and innovation policies of Ukraine with the EU standards, on the one hand, and to forced incorporation of smart specialisation concept into the regional development strategies, on the other hand. The experience of the EU regions reveals certain peculiarities of the implementation of smart specialisation in regions with low institutional capacity, and therefore, their experience for Ukraine is the most useful. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to identify specific features of the implementation of smart specialisation in countries and regions with low institutional capacity and to provide recommendations for its implementation in Ukraine. Thus, the paper studies prerequisites for the emergence of smart specialisation in the EU, which is related to shortcomings in development and implementation of regional innovation strategies that did not sufficiently considered needs of the regions, or were focused on traditional sectors of industry.
The peculiarities of the implementation of smart specialisation in countries/regions with low institutional capacity are also identified. They are related to strong focus of strategies on building links between innovation development actors, but insufficient attention was paid to the final stages of the innovation process. It is shown that such countries and regions need to make greater efforts in the implementation of smart specialisation through a substantial modification of the existing processes or initiating new processes in the domains of innovation and regional development policy making. Since the choice of policy tools is a serious problem for regions and countries with low institutional capacity, the paper provides a number of recommendations from European experts on this issue.
In particular, it concerns the use of mini-mixes aimed at coping with a specific challenge or at developing a certain smart priority through the synergy / complex actions of various types of policy instruments (regulation, fiscal incentives, grants, human development and mobility). Considering the experience gained in the EU regions, some policy recommendations on the implementation of smart specialisation concept in Ukraine were developed. The recommendations are aimed at minimizing the risk of distortion of the smart specialisation concept and at the development of more effective action plans, in particular through broader involvement of European experts in the process of the implementation of smart specialisation in Ukraine on national and regional levels.
Keywords: smart specialisation, innovation policy, countries with low institutional capacity
JEL: O25, O38, R11
Article in English (pp. 137 - 152) | Download | Downloads :482 |
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№ 4/2022
GRYGA Vitalii Yuriyovych1, RYZHKOVA Yuliya Oleksandrivna2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
Science and innovation in Ukraine: approaches to policy making in times of war
Economy and forecasting 2022; 4:77-93 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2022.04.077 |
ABSTRACT ▼
The full-scale war started by Russia in Ukraine has caused many challenges to economic development, the overcoming of which is hard to be imagined without the research and innovation. Rebuilding R&I became another challenge for Ukrainian policymakers. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to analyze the R&I policy of Ukraine during the war caused by Russia and to develop policy recommendations for the postwar recovery. To achieve it, we used several methods, in particular expert opinion generalization, relevant scientific and policy literature analysis, and statistical analysis.
The paper considers three approaches to innovation policy-making at crisis time: produce; procure; repurpose. Currently, Ukraine uses mainly the second one, by buying and receiving modern armament and equipment. Meanwhile, there were some innovative developments in Ukraine, which are not produced in sufficient quantities. After the war, Ukraine couldn’t buy armament due to fiscal constraints. Thus, in the short-run period, the government should reorient efforts toward repurposing of current developments. However, such an approach is not sustainable in the long-run period, when the development of a broader S&T base is required to create a solid base for further repurposing in emergency cases. The war caused massive damage to Ukrainian R&I potential, which by now is not fully measured and quantified. There are two types of damage: physical loss of research and innovation infrastructure (e.g. research facilities, and high-tech enterprises) and «brain drain», both of which should be the focus of R&I policymakers. Therefore, a set of policy measures is proposed to address the war-led challenges in R&I.
Keywords:R&D and innovation policy, science, war, damage, recovering, economic development
JEL: H56, O31, O32, O38
Article in English (pp. 77 - 93) | Download | Downloads :69 |
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