Увійти 
|
HOME PAGE | |
№ 2020/2
SALIKHOVA Olena Borysivna1, HONCHARENKO Daria Olehivna2
1Institute for Economics and Forecasting, NAS of Ukraine
2Ministry for Development of Economy, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine
Policy of endogenous development of pharmaceuticals in China: lessons for Ukraine
Economy and forecasting 2020; 2:105-119 | https://doi.org/10.15407/econforecast2020.02.105 |
ABSTRACT ▼
This article provides overview of the programs and plans, tools of scientific and technological, innovation and industry policies for new drug discovery. The authors substantiate that China has a government-led integrated approach to protecting and strengthening pharmaceutical sector. Discovered and proved the fact that the Chinese Government is encouraging R&D in the pharmaceutical sector, with special attention to the biotechnologies and is providing substantial support in the form of subsidies, tax incentives and establishment of special high-tech zones to encourage the production of new products and processes in the pharmaceutical sector. In addition to government support, there is substantial foreign direct investment in production and R&D, which entails transfer of technology and intensifies endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
The authors give special attention to the fact that China's Government Procurement provides domestic price preference programme and realizes policies promoting indigenous innovation products and technology transfer. Initiatives to create human resources for pharmaceuticals industry and government aid attract foreign specialists and highly qualified Chinese migrants. Government support has raised the level of production localization, and increased employment and value added in the industry. Among the achievements attained due to the political mechanisms created in this country, are scientific and technological competencies and technology development, and high competitiveness of the domestic pharmaceutical industry, protection of intellectual property rights, access to foreign markets, import substitution and lower dependence on imported technologies, pharmaceutical intermediate goods and end-product, and high consumer quality of manufactured goods.
It is proven that China's state-led innovation and investment development model has supported growth over the last 40 years and produced numerous endogenous innovations in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The article presents the authors' vision of the determinants of success of the Chinese government in building innovation potential of domestic pharmaceuticals industry and of the resilience of the industry in the face of crisis caused by COVID-19.
Keywords:China, pharmaceutical industry, biotechnologies, innovation, government aid, tax incentives, subsidies, public procurement, industrial policy
JEL: L52; L65; O14; O32
Article in English (pp. 105 - 119) | Download | Downloads :602 |
REFERENCES ▼
2. Schwarz, P. (2020, April 13). European Union to spend half a trillion euros on imperialist interests in coronavirus bailout. World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved from www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/04/13/euro-a13.html
3. The State of U. S. Science and Engineering 2020. NSF. Retrieved from ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsb20201
4. Profit of industrial enterprises monthly data review (2020). Macro events review, 1-3. Retrieved from pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202004271378716988_1.pdf [in Chinese].
5. Korablin, S. (2019). China: investment ambitions, limitations and opportunities. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Econ. and forecasting, 3, 138-157. doi.org/10.15407/eip2019.03.138 [in Ukrainian].
6. Prudka, O. (2017). Chinese experience of state stimulation of innovation activity Nauka, Tekhnologii, innovatcii – Science, technology, innovation, 4, 35-45 [in Ukrainian].
7. Holubka, V. (2016). Mechanisms of regulation of the pharmaceutical market in Ukraine. Dissertation abstract for the degree of candidate of economic sciences, specialty 08.00.03 - Economics and management of national economy. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv [in Ukrainian].
8. Heyets, V., Scrypnychenko, M. (2003). From exogenously dependent to endogenously oriented economic development strategy. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 1, 34-46 [in Ukrainian].
9. Heyets, V., (2018). Endogenization of the economy development in the aspect of equality of rights relations among the state, business and voting subjects. Ekonomika Ukrainy – Economy of Ukraine, 7, 3-19. doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.07.003 [in Ukrainian].
10. Salikhova, O.B. (2012). Hightech Industries: From Assessment Methodology to Growth in Ukraine. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
11. Feigenbaum, Evan A. (1999). Who's Behind China's High-Technology "Revolution"? How Bomb Makers Remade Beijing's Priorities, Policies, and Institutions. International Security, 24: 1, 95-126. doi.org/10.1162/016228899560068
12. Introduction of Yaodu. Retrieved January 21, 2020 from www.cnmc.gov.cn/ [in Chinese].
13. Response from the National Development and Reform Commission to the approval of Liaoning Yaodu Development Co., Ltd. issue of corporate bonds (2019). Corporate Bonds Development and Reform, 132. Retrieved from www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/zcfb/qt/201909/t20190929_1181955.html [in Chinese].
14. Plan of the national medium and long term development for science and technology (2006–2020). Retrieved from ww.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-02/09/content_183787.htmw [in Chinese].
15. A new special project to create medicines for the benefit of human health. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/zhengce/2018-10/10/content_5329091.htm [in Chinese].
16. Great achievements in major national scientific and technical projects for the creation of new drugs. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-08/01/content_5417723.htm [in Chinese].
17. Notice of the State Council for Press and Distribution "Made in China 2025" (2015). Guo Fa, 28. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-05/19/content_9784.htm [in Chinese].
18. Notice from the six print and distribution departments of the Pharmaceutical Industry Development Planning Guide. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-11/09/content_5130391.htm [in Chinese].
19. Salikhova, O. (2020, February 25) Turbo Nannies. Levyy bereg. Ukrayna – LB.ua. Retrieved from lb.ua/economics/2020/02/25/450866_turbonyani_.html [in Ukrainian].
20. High-tech industries supported by the state. Retrieved from www.waizi.org.cn/law/6441.html [in Chinese].
21. Liu, Huiling, Xing, Fei, Yakshtas, Kseniya, and Li, Bo (2018, December 13). Does the high-tech enterprise certification policy promote innovation in China? Economics-ejournal. Retrieved from www.economics-ejournal.org/economics/discussionpapers/2018-85
22. Salikhova, O. (2007). Methodical approaches to the assessment of the production potential of high-tech products competitive in the world market in Ukraine. Nauka ta naukoznavstvo – Science and science knowledge, 4, Annex C, 130-134 [in Ukrainian].
23. Salikhova, O. (2011). Targeted state support as a factor stimulating the development of high-tech industries in Ukraine. Ekon. prognozuvannâ – Economy and forecasting, 2, 9-23 [in Ukrainian].
24. Ministry of Finance, General Directorate of Taxation, Ministry of Science and Technology, Notification of an increase in the pre-tax deduction rate before taxes on research and development costs (2018). Tsai Shui, 99. Retrieved from www.chinatax.gov.cn/n810341/n810755/c3754895/content.html [in Chinese].
25. An announcement by the State Tax Administration on current tax policy issues regarding accelerated depreciation of fixed assets. Announcement No. 64 of 2014. Retrieved from www.chinaacc.com/zyssfg/hu2014111718511263263436. shtml [in Chinese].
26. Catalog of industries in which are foreign investment is encouraged (2019 edition). Retrieved from www.pkulaw.com/chl/2e6fab8549042788bdfb.html [in Chinese].
27. Qing Xia, Vicky, Cai Yang, Leo (2018, April 1). Contract BioManufacturing in China: Creating a New Segment. Contractpharma. Retrieved from www.contractpharma.com/issues/2018-04-01/view_features/contract-biomanufacturing-in-china-creating-a-new-segment/
28. Creation of scientific and technological talents. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/gzdt/att/att/site1/20120428/001e3741a558110595fa01.pdf [in Chinese].
29. UNESCO science report: towards 2030 (2017). Luxembourg: UNESCO Publishing United Nations [in Russian].
30. Government Procurement Law of the People's Republic of China (Revised in 2014). Retrieved from fgw.yinchuan.gov.cn/fgzc/flfg/201812/t20181221_ 1224321.htm [in Chinese].
31. Notice to the National Health Commission on the press and distribution of interim public procurement management measures (2018). Guowei Finance Development, 17. Retrieved from www.waizi.org.cn/doc/38884.html [in Chinese].
32. Public Procurement in China: European Business Experiences Competing for Public Contracts in China (2011). Public Procurement Study. European Chamber. Retrieved from cbi.typepad.com/files/euccc-public-procurement-in-china-april-2011.pdf
33. Notification to the Ministry of Finance of the press and distribution of measures to evaluate public procurement of endogenous innovative products (2007). Caiku. 30. Retrieved from www.gov.cn/ztzl/kjfzgh/content_883671.htm [in Chinese].
34. Notice of the Ministry of Finance on the Measures for the Administration of Government Procurement Contracts for endogenous Innovation Products (2007). Treasury, 31. Retrieved from big5.www.gov.cn/ gate/big5/www.gov.cn/ztzl/kjfzgh/content_883701.htm [in Chinese].
35. China Statistical Yearbook-2019. Retrieved April 17, 2020 from www.stats.gov.cn/ [in Chinese].
36. China Statistical Yearbook-2007. Retrieved April 17, 2020 from www.stats.gov.cn [in Chinese].
Events calendar
M | T | W | T | F | S | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |